How comprehensive and abstinent only sex education differ and how Research Paper

How comprehensive and abstinent only sex education differ and how comprehensive is more informative and can help decrease the te - Research Paper Example However, differences on how to approach this subject have also emerged as a result as one group argues for the more traditional promotion of abstinence before marriage while the other advocates for a more direct approach of teaching where the youth are educated on all aspects concerning sex including protection against pregnancies and sexual transmitted diseases (Cook & Clarke 228). Though the more orthodox promoters of sex education are worried that too much information at an early age may not be the wisest decision, the question remains what withholding information on topics such as safe sex will have on the youth as overall as studies have shown that more and more teenagers are engaging in sexual activities and thus if this trend cannot be stopped would it not be better to ensure that they are taking the needed precautions to protect them from unplanned pregnancies and contraction of STIs (Sexually Transmitted Infections). Statistics have shown that the average age that individual s are losing their pregnancy is between 14 – 16 years of age which means that sex education will need to be introduced at an early age if it is to have the desired effect. This statistic is alarming considering that in the earlier years, studies conducted had shown that the average age at which virginity was lost was between 16 -18 years. This shows that a decrease of two years has taken place between the times these two studies were conducted; there is also fear that the age may continue decreasing which is a disturbing thought (Ott & Santelli 425). Abstinence only programs involve sex education with regard to its avoidance until one reaches the age of maturity (18-21 years) or preferably until one is married. This program focuses on encouraging the youth to shun any form of sexual interaction and teach on the dangers of unprotected sex such as unplanned pregnancies and incurable STIs in a bid to scare the youth straight so to speak. They do not offer any alternatives on how one is able to practice safe sex if they do decide to engage in such activities and mostly paint a scary picture on the consequences of having sex at an early age. The program has mostly been promoted by the conservative groups in the country including most religious factions as they feel any other mode of sex education will be in effect promoting the engaging of sexual activities among the youth (Cook & Clarke 236). Comprehensive sex education son the other hand focuses on all aspects involving sex education including its biology, human sexual behavior and the practice of safe sex as an alternative option. This type of sex education though considered unorthodox by the conservative groups have proved to be more effective within the schools as compared to the abstinence only programs in terms of preventing teen pregnancies. Comprehensive sex education includes teaching the use of condoms and other prevention

Two detective stories Essay Example for Free

Two detective stories Essay I am going to compare and contrast two short stories, written by two different authors but they are both detective stories. The two stories were written in different times by two very different people.  Sara Paretsky, the author of Three-Dot Po, was born in the middle of the twentieth century and is still alive and writing books today. She has a good education; she has a degree in Political science, a PhD in history and has received an MBA from the University of Chicago. She has published 11 novels in several languages, 9 short stories, and 6 essays and has received numerous awards for her writing. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, the author of The Speckled Band, was born in 1859 and died in 1930. He wrote in a very different time and society to the ones that Sara Paretsky writes in. Sir Arthur Conan Doyle qualified as a doctor and practised medicine, he was well educated and respected in his profession, however he preferred to write mystery stories. He was the first writer in the nineteenth century to have the same characters in his stories but different stories each week.  Both writers were/are respected in their fields of work and although they both had different backgrounds they had at least one thing in common, they both wrote murder mysteries that included the same characters but different stories in each edition. Both stories were aimed at the same audience range, however The speckled band may appear slightly more to an adult audience. Both Three-Dot Po and The speckled band are structured in the same way, they are both short stories. Although they both have a different under lying structure. Three-Dot Po is a methodical story and takes you step by step through what the character is going through, whereas The speckled band builds up to a climax and leaves you puzzled and confused up until the end. Each story has a different narrator in Three-Dot Po it is the detective herself, Vic Warshawski. Her character is an ex lawyer turned private detective, this means she has alot of experience in solving crimes. The narrator in the speckled band is Dr Watson, Sherlock Holmess sidekick. The tone in Three-Dot Po is quite relaxed and informal, not as dramatic as the speckled band. The tone of the speckled band is serious, dramatic and is ironic as the detective kills the murderer. The language of each story supports the tone; for example the language in The speckled band is formal, descriptive and old fashioned. Which supports the serious tone of the story. Also the language used in Three-Dot Po is informal, descriptive, modern and in first person. This also supports the informal tone of the story. The story is told, well and with the added use of imagery this helps to portray the meaning and thought behind the story. The use of imagery in Three-Dot Po is very good especially with the description of the scenery snow blowing across in fine pelting particles like a desert storm. The use of imagery is likewise very stereotypical of a methodical story. In each story the crime committed is a murder, but these murders are told in different formats. The murder in Three-Dot Po was a story killing and the murder in the speckled band was a mystery killing. There is another contrast in the murders, in Three-Dot Po it is a human being that killed the victim whereas in the speckled band it is a snake that commits the actual murders. There is yet another contrast in the stories to do with the murders and that is when it comes to the suspects. There is only one real suspect in Three-Dot Po and that is the victims boyfriend, Jonathan Michaels. Whereas in The speckled band there seem to be many suspects which include Dr Roylett, the gypsies and the cheetah and the baboon. There are many clues in each story, in Three-Dot Po there is an empty film tube left by the body, the sighting of the man in the ski mask, the phone call made to the victim shortly before she died and the break in at the flat. However in The speckled band the clues are much more suspicious and thought provoking. There is the fact that The character Helen Stone had to change rooms for a non-existent reason, the strange animals that roam around (the cheetah and baboon), her bad was nailed to the floor, the dummy bell pull, the whistling at night, the safe, milk and lead in the Doctors room, the last words spoken by the victim and the bars on the windows. All of these things are rather bizarre and therefore conclude to a twisted web of deceit. An additional contrast between the two stories is the detectives and sidekicks themselves. The detective in Three-Dot Po is a woman who is friendly, brave and not self disciplined. Whereas the detective in The speckled band is a self disciplined, inquisitive, observant, dedicated, arrogant and very clever man. The sidekicks are equally different; the sidekick in Three-Dot Po is Three-Dot Po, a dog. He is very determined, devoted and brave. He is also a useful warning system, e.g. when the burglar breaks in. However the sidekick in The speckled band is Dr Watson, who is also the narrator, he, unlike Three-Dot Po is a human but he has dog like qualities. He is faithful, respectful, in awe of Holmes and willing to help. The penultimate contrast in these stories is in the ending. Three-Dot Po has a happy ending; the wrong is put right however it isnt a conclusive ending, as we dont find out what happens to the characters after the event. It is also very predictable and quite cheesy. The ending in The speckled band is the opposite, the way in which the story is told makes it so that the ending is totally unpredictable and conclusive. Holmes doesnt seem to care that Dr Roylett is dead and acts with a clean conscience. The final contrast is with the settings of the stories. Three-Dot Po is set in America in Michigan City in the twentieth century and The speckled band is set in a rural part of London, England. This play was written in 1883. The final similarity between these two stories is that both of the stories are relevant to the times in which they were written. For example in 1883 there wouldnt have been motorised transport and this is picked up on when Sherlock refers to the use of a dog-cart. Another example is in Three-Dot Po, the murderer is a Spanish drug dealer, this is typical of the twentieth century. The use of drugs is common and the fact that a drug dealer is involved in a murder is not a great shock to anyone.  These two stories have many contrasts but they also have many similarities, they are both great stories for there times and were written by great-accomplished writers.

Leprosy :: Hansens Disease Biology Essays

Leprosy Leprosy, now more commonly referred to as Hansen’s disease, is one of the world’s oldest and most feared maladies. Over the course of thousands of years, it has managed to afflict millions of people in every region of the world. In addition to physical suffering, leprosy patients also faced tremendous psychological distress, due to the fact that, until as recently as last century, the disease was seen as a punishment from God and thought to be highly contagious. As a result, leprosy sufferers faced many indignities and, in some instances, were removed from their communities and relocated to so-called â€Å"Leper Colonies.† However, in recent times, the conditions for people with leprosy have vastly improved in terms of both the treatment of the disease and removal of the stigma attached to it. The origins of leprosy cannot be definitively traced to any particular place or time. The earliest evidence of the disease is provided by the Hindu Vedas, which mention a disease that most believe to have been leprosy, suggesting its existence in India since at least 1400 BCE (Skillicorn). There is more concrete evidence from members of the medical community that the disease existed in China by the fifth-century BCE and in Egypt as early as the second-century BCE. The disease is believed to have spread to Europe in the first-century BCE by Roman soldiers returning from war in Egypt. Its existence in Europe was first documented by Aractus and Galen in approximately 150 CE (Skillicorn). It is believed to have been spread from Europe to the Americas and South Pacific islands by European colonists. The disease became universally known as Hansen’s disease in 1873 after a Norwegian scientist, Dr. Armauer Hansen, discovered the bacterium that causes the disease, whi ch eventually served to end the myth that the disease was a curse of God (Skillicorn). The disease is caused by a slowly multiplying bacillus, called Mycobacterium leprae, which primarily affects the nerves, skin, and mucous membranes (Hansen’s Disease). Scientists are still unable to cultivate the organism in any bacteriological media, although it has been successfully grown on the foot pads of mice.

Age Segregation in Pakistan

Richard and Gill walker, looks into the social context of housing for aged ones. It covers the demographic material, facts about social framework of housing for older people. This includes a review of demographic information, evidence relating to the needs, perspectives and choices of the aged people with respect to this housing, along the problems of segregation and marginalization and their impact on their livings.Attitudes towards Old Age: A Study of the Self-Image of Aged is another article by Philip O. SiJuwade, which looks into the ifferent approaches , stereotypes, and age factors which regulates suitable behaviors for the older ones(social image). It states that, old ones have developed their self-image too, which depicts the way they think of themselves and the way ‘others' think of them. This article is based on primary research states that stereotypes have been built about the aged people of the society and they are not treated in the way they deserve to be.Residenti al satisfaction of the older adults in age-segregated facilities is an article by Sandra G. Reynolds and Julia O. Beamish hich looks into the housing satisfaction of old home people with liberated living services. Twenty one residents contributed as a focus group and results showed that these old people liked safe and secure atmosphere and value good design, friendly neighborhood, privacy and residential characteristics. Social Isolation and Loneliness in Old Age: Review and Model Refinemnt is an article by G.Clare Wenger and Richard Davis, presents an empirical literature on social isolation and marginalization and links it with an existing publication. He indicates that main factors of social solation includes marital status, social interaction, health conditions, behavior of ‘others', type ot networking and loss ot mobility One ot the tamous sociologists Livson conducted a research ,'The Transition into Retirement and Old Age' in 1962 and found that survival of family, econ omic condition and health condition along with other factors plays important role as individuals adopts to grow old.She is of the view that changes in economic and health status are not only the issues which require our attention. Most important issue is the adjustment of that particular person into the current situation according to the increasing age. Methodology: My research methodology constitutes both primary and secondary research. My primary research was basically a qualitative one, and I choose to visit an old house situated near Bhhatta Chowk. In old house, I interviewed a total of 15 people in two visits to old house. In those 15 people, 12 were the residents of old house, 7 of them were male and 5 were female.Other than these 12 people I interviewed three more ladies who were there to visit their friends. My interviews were structured and semi structured and I asked question according to the situation and personality of the erson. The focus of my questions generally revol ved around their perspective about this residential segregation and the bonds they have developed within themselves in the old house. So extract the proper information I had discussions about their family background and the reasons for which they preferred or forced to live in old house.

Literature Review of Grading System

Please read: a personal appeal from Wikipedia founder Jimmy Wales Read now Mt Kenya University From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mount Kenya University) Jump to: navigation, search | This article may need to be wikified to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. Please help by adding relevant internal links, or by improving the article's layout. (January 2012) Click [show] on right for more details. [show]| This article does not cite any references or sources. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (November 2011) | Mt Kenya University (MKU) is a private university in Thika Kenya. The idea behind the establishment of the University dates back to 1996 when the precursor of the University, the Thika Institute of Technology was founded as a Computer Outreach Program.At this point in time in Kenyan history, the development of Information Communication Technology (ICT) both Mobile Telepho ny and Computer Technology had started gaining an upward momentum in rural and urban centres. In the year 2000, the Institute developed into a commercial college offering management and computer training programmes. Later in the year the Ministry of Education Science and Technology recognized the institute as a full fledged institution of higher learning and granted it a full registration approval.In order to remain relevant with the training needs of the society, the institute initiated training programmes in the fields of paramedical, Information Technology, and Business and Entrepreneurship education in the year 2002. In the year 2005 the Institute became the 1st private institution in Kenya to be allowed to train Pharmaceutical Technologists by the Pharmacy and Poisons Board of the Ministry of Health. In the year 2006 the Commission for Higher Education (CHE) validated and pproved the institute's request for collaboration with JKUAT to offer both Diploma and Degree programmes. T he Institute continued to work closely with the Commission for Higher Education in line with the stipulated guidelines for establishing a privately funded university. After fulfilling all the requirements as stipulated in the guidelines of establishing a privately funded university (1989 rules), the Commission for Higher Education issued MKU with the authority to establish a full fledged privately funded university with Thika Institute of Technology as its precursor/forerunner. citation needed] External links * Kenya University List * Mt Kenya University Official Website [hide] * v * t * eKenyan universities| | | | | | Public universities| * University of Nairobi * Kenyatta University * Moi University * Egerton University * Maseno University * Jomo Kenyatta University of Agriculture and Technology * Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology| | | | | | Private universities| * United States International University (USIU – Africa) * Catholic University of Eastern Afri ca(CUEA) * University of Eastern Africa,Baraton * Daystar University * Africa Nazarene University * Scott Christian University * Kabarak University * Strathmore University * Kiriri Women’s University of Science and Technology * Mount Kenya University * Pan Africa Christian University * Kenya Methodist University * Adventist University of Africa * Gretsa University * Great Lakes University of Kisumu * Presbyterian University of East Africa * St.Paul's University * KCA University * Africa International University| | | Coordinates: 1 °02? 43? S 37 °04? 51? E View page ratings Rate this page What's this? Trustworthy Objective Complete Well-written I am highly knowledgeable about this topic (optional) Categories: * Universities and colleges in Kenya * Create account * Log in * Article * Talk * Read * Edit * View history ————————————————- Top of Form Bottom of Form * Main page * Contents * Featured content * Current events Random article * Donate to Wikipedia Interaction * Help * About Wikipedia * Community portal * Recent changes * Contact Wikipedia Toolbox Print/export * This page was last modified on 3 July 2012 at 11:09. * Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. See Terms of Use for details. Wikipedia ® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc. , a non-profit organization. * Contact us * Privacy policy * About Wikipedia * Disclaimers * Mobile view * *

India Luxury Market Essay Essay Example

India Luxury Market Essay Essay Example India Luxury Market Essay Essay India Luxury Market Essay Essay Market Trend There was a slow-down in the growing in gross revenues of premium and luxury tickers in India in 2008-’09. It prompted the market leader Titan industries to come in the economic system market. Following the footfalls. luxury ticker trade names like Tag Heuer and Rolex introduced low-price theoretical accounts. But in recent old ages. nomadic phones may besides hold dampened growing in the incursion of tickers in India. as they provide a clip readout every bit good as dismay and other time-related maps. Watch industry experts believe that their product’s original map is progressively losing importance. and that wrist watchs are now being bought as manner accoutrements. Owning more than one ticker is like having different pieces of jewelry. Competitive landscape The economic system watch demand is being met for the most portion by the unorganized sector and by direct imports. The premium section is progressively being peppered by manner trade names such as Esprit. Swatch. Fossil and Tommy Hilfiger. There has besides been strong value growing for these trade names. with turning demand from middle- and upper-income groups in urban India. Titan. HMT and Maxima are the taking Indian participants and Timex. Casio and Swatch are now the strong transnational participants in the market. More multinationals are come ining the retail market. but no new domestic companies have done so. and the multinationals’ portion of value gross revenues has increased over the reappraisal period. Premium Brand A ; Product Perception With the tickers market in India now going manner and manner driven. particularly at the premium terminal. companies now launch theoretical accounts and designs every six months. International trade names such as Fossil launch spring/summer and winter scopes. Titan. on the other manus. times its launches to suit in with the Indian festive season – Deepavali and nuptialss. Companies like Casio and Swatch and luxury trade names like Rolex are researching a niche market for chronographs. but this is presently negligible. Companies besides need to react to merchandise inventions. The Citizen eco-friendly ticker has been good received in India and is reportedly selling good in its monetary value bracket. extinguishing the problem of replacing batteries and promoting the usage of multiple tickers. Apparel trade names such as Esprit. Tommy Hilfiger. Benetton and Levi’s have all gained acquaintance among India’s urban young person. who may go more willing to seek these brands’ premium tickers. Affluent. urban Indians may experience more comfy about purchasing premium tickers. while go oning to see luxury tickers as illustrations of overindulgent or insensitive disbursement. ‘New’ Rich India: The ‘New’ rich India is now indulging into the experience of having Luxury Brands. India’s quickly turning high-end retail market is expected to increase from the about $ 3. 5 billion in 2008 to $ 30 billion by 2015. Luxury vesture. aromas. premium vino. high-end tickers have achieved good incursion among male Indian consumers. Among adult females. jewelry and cosmetics can already tout high degrees of consciousness. followed by classs such as pocketbooks and nomadic phones. These points. while non needfully being better ( in quality. public presentation. or visual aspect ) than their less expensive replacements. are purchased with the chief intent of exposing wealth or income or position symbol of their proprietors. There is a distinguishable displacement from ‘Old luxury’ to ‘New luxury’ . Old luxury is defined by the properties. qualities and characteristics of the merchandise. whilst ‘New luxury’ is defined by the consumer’s point of focal point on the experience that their purchase stimulates and non in ownership or ownership of the merchandise itself. † The clients Redefined luxury as they believe it to be a mark of ego deserving – â€Å"They are worth it ; † it authenticates the buyer’s success and position ; it is a signal to others that the proprietor is a member of an sole group ; They require unflawed public presentation in this application. the cost of merchandise malfunction is excessively high to purchase anything but the best. Motivation of Study: The affair of have oning and basking all right timekeepers is a passion that these yearss must be justified. We like nice expensive tickers even though inexpensive tickers exist to make the same thing. Hence like any other luxury good. today modern shoppers buy luxury goods to honor themselves. to fulfill psychological demands or to do themselves experience good to demo off their personality or to hike their self-pride. Contribution of the research: This survey aims to understand the above said consumer purchasing behavior which will assist the present selling Directors to better shift their stigmatization and advertisement scheme to capture the right mark market for luxury merchandises to hike the gross revenues in times where economic system are at a challenge. Literature Review: Research Aim: This survey intends to happen out if consumer purchasing behavior of immature buyers are influenced by factors such as premium monetary value of luxury tickers. perceived quality of luxury tickers. social position and trade name trueness associated with the ingestion of luxury trade name. This survey besides intends to measure whether sensed qualities of the luxury branded ticker have influence on the purchasing determination of consumer. It is besides intended to find whether the high quality criterions of luxury tickers are the concluding consumers opt for the luxury tickers. Affiliations of societal position of geting certain luxury branded goods will besides be studied to understand whether consumer purchasing luxury branded goods merely for the affair of being affiliate with certain quarters of people holding the same luxury trade name of goods. This survey besides will besides measure whether trade name trueness of luxury trade name will act upon the purchasing determination of consumer. This survey besides aims to bring out whether a individual who has been abroad is a ground for the consumer buying a luxury ticker Research Question: The intent of this survey is to measure what motivational factors encourage consumers into buying luxury trade name tickers. In measuring this statement. this survey aims to reply the undermentioned inquiries: Is it the monetary value or the type of users of the trade name that drives the purchasing behavior of the consumer for luxury branded goods? Is it the strong emotion of know aparting themselves with the lower category consumers that drives higher category consumers to turn to luxury trade names? Is it the tag name of a mega trade name that drives the long term demand for that luxury trade name? Is gender a deterministic factor in make up ones minding the purchase of a luxury trade name? If yes so what factors are of import gender wise? Is it the merchandise public-service corporation or the trade name perceptual experience that is cardinal for luxury ticker trade names? Will a person’s visit abroad act upon his determination to buy a luxury ticker? Previous Research part: Findingss of overall old research indicate that individual’s penchants plays a cardinal function in buying luxury goods. Individual’s penchants may be based on desire and non-desires. which are based on experience in buying luxury points from their satisfaction. or nondesire such as prejudice towards trade name merchandises. Leibenstein ( 1950. p. 188 ) classified demand of goods and services ingestion in relevant to motivation into two chief facets: functional and non-functional. Functional demand is â€Å"demand for a trade good which is due to the qualities inherent in the trade good itself† . On the contrary. demand of goods ingestion that comes from other factors. which is non the merchandise quality. is defined non-functional demand. The result from Leibenstein’s ( 1950 ) survey particularly stresses the function of interpersonal effects towards luxury trade names ingestion. and derived three chief effects ; Veblen. Snob. and Bandwagon INTERPERSONAL EFFECTS Perceived Conspicuous Value Perceived alone Value Perceived Social Value Ostentation Non-Conformity Conformity VEBLENIAN SNOB BANDWAGON Interpersonal effects ( Vigenron A ; Johnson ) ( 1999 P. 7 ) Veblen Effect: The Veblen consequence can be explained through conspicuous ingestion in which people feel that it is necessary to buy luxury merchandises because they have a high monetary value ticket ( Leibenstein. 1950 ) . Conspicuous ingestion is use by people to demo wealth. power and position ( Veblen. 1899 ) . Monetary values of merchandise have a important facet in consumers’ sentiment of quality ( Vigneron A ; Johnson. 1999 ) . Surveies by Erickson A ; Johansson ( 1995 ) have shown that monetary value is used to judge quality of luxury merchandises between a scope of trade names. Normally people would tie in high monetary values with better quality. Additionally. those who do tie in high monetary values with better quality would besides propose that high monetary values show a considerable sum of prestigiousness ( Lichtenstein et Al. . 1993 ) . Snob Consequence: The snob consequence takes into history personal and emotional desires ( personal effects ) . and the influence of other people’s behavior ( interpersonal effects ) towards the buying of luxury trade name merchandises ( see Figure 1 ) . The snob consequence can be farther explained through two fortunes. First. the launch on new merchandises which creates exclusivity in which the prig would buy the merchandise instantly because a minor sum of consumers at that peculiar clip would hold acquired it. Snob consumers merely purchase â€Å"limited points that have a high value. whereas those readily available are less desirable. Rare points demand regard and prestige† ( Solomon. 1994. p. 570 ) . Merchandises that are viewed as unique. popular. and expensive causes a higher demand for consumers ( Verhallen A ; Robben. 1994 ) . particularly snob consumers. Snyder and Fromkin ( 1977 ) back up the statement by Verhallen and Robben ( 1994 ) proposing that people have the desire to be alone. India: The Affluent Multitudes: Luxury volumes have been spurred by a important growing in the rich in recent yesteryear. The new rich come in varied forms. sizes and manner quotients. Exporters. transnational bankers. college childs gaining plum wages at call centres or BPO operations. comfortable corporate married womans. and successful enterprisers. What they have in common is that they have really high buying power Bandwagon Consequence: The bandwagon consequence represents consumers who purchase luxury merchandises because they wish to suit in with a peculiar group. For illustration. people would devour merchandises that are stylish and fashionable to tie in themselves to similar people ( Berry. 1994 ) . Dubois A ; Duquesne ( 1993 ) explains that the prig and bandwagon consequence are non likewise. Although the similarity between the bandwagon and the snob consequence is that people wish to heighten their self-concepts. the distinction is that they purchase luxury points for different grounds. Bandwagon consumers purchase points to be fit in with others. whereas prig consumers purchase points to be alone and stand out. Persons who fit in with groups that purchase luxury trade name merchandises and/ or wish to distinguish themselves from people who do non buy luxury trade names are influenced by the bandwagon consequence ( Vigneron A ; Johnson. 1999 ) Luxury is wages: First time/New Buyers: They use luxury goods as a position symbol to state â€Å"I’ve made it! † . They are motivated by their desire to be successful and show this to others. Luxury trade names that have widespread acknowledgment are popular ; nevertheless they don’t wish to look munificent or hedonic in their visual aspect. They want to buy â€Å"smart† luxury that exhibit importance while non go forthing them unfastened to unfavorable judgment. Personal Effectss: Consuming luxury merchandises can besides be from personal desires and gustatory sensation. PERSONAL EFFECTS Perceived Emotional Value Perceived Quality Value Self-Actualization Reassurance HEDONIST PERFECTIONIST Personal effects ( Vigenron A ; Johnson ) ( 1999 p. 8 ) Hedonic Effect The hedonistic consequence occurs when consumers purchase luxury merchandises and value the point. Peoples who purchase points for self-realization ( e. g. inner direct consumers. Riesman. et Al. . 1950. or function relaxed consumers. Kahle. 1995 ) . and those who are non affected by interpersonal influences ( e. g. conforming to group norms. Bearden. et Al. . 1989 ) represent the hedonistic consequence. Dichter ( 1960 ) explains that motive of noncognitive and unconscious is able to carry consumer penchant of merchandises. Merchandises that are consumed are known to hold an emotional value that is added to their character ( Vigneron A ; Johnson. 1999 ) . When consumers purchase luxury merchandises they expect that the point will offer benefits such as clannishness. Dubois A ; Laurent. ( 1994 ) stated that if merchandises create an emotional value for consumers. it represents that the merchandise is good and holds an of import feature. Perfectionist Effect The perfectionist consequence exists when consumers purchase luxury points and expects superior merchandises and public presentation every bit good as quality ( Vigneron A ; Johnson. 1999 ) . Peoples who represent the perfectionist consequence are those who are associated to personal values and justice a merchandise harmonizing to their value of a luxury set merchandise. An illustration of the perfectionist consequence is when consumers are buying a luxury ticker they expect it to be accurate. Harmonizing to Groth and McDaniel. ( 1993. p. 10 ) stated that â€Å"high monetary values may even do certain merchandises or service more desirable† . because people view merchandises with high monetary values with great quality ( Rao A ; Monroe. 1989 ) . Additionally. consumers may measure the degree of how luxury a merchandise is by its quality ( Vigneron and Johnson. 1999 ) . Methodology Research Method: Quantitative informations consists of closed terminal information that includes numerical figures. The survey has collected quantitative informations by using closed-end inquiries towards a questionnaire. Focus Group Discussion to understand properties both physical and emotional that influence the purchase of a luxury ticker. The group comprised of 7 persons. 3 female and 4 male participants who have been users of luxury tickers. Data Collection: Primary Data aggregation: Gathering information from consumers of luxury tickers through online questionnaire study Secondary Data Collection: Research penetrations and hypothesis design with the aid of antecedently published research work on luxury goods purchasing behavior. Sampling: Non-probability trying method is adopted. Since the mark audience or respondents of involvement are consumers of premium or luxury tickers. the trying method adopted here is convenience trying and snow-ball sampling. Measurement A ; Scaling: Measurement Techniques used? Perception map: ? Utility of characteristics in the ticker: Chronograph. Double dial. Indicator light etc. ? Stylish Designs that make the ticker a manner statement Respondents were asked to rate the 10 different trade names in order to obtain their perceptual experience of these trade names on the above defined dimensions Based on two predefined dimensions i. e? ? ? Exploratory Factor Analysis: To understand the implicit in factors act uponing the purchase behavior of luxury ticker for work forces A ; adult females and overall Arrested development: To understand which interpersonal A ; personal consequence is critical when consumers make a luxury ticker purchase determination Discriminant Analysis: To understand the group behaviours based on the following discriminating variable? Gender? Trip abroad? Work Experience: Buying power? Amos: Confirmatory Factor analysis to determine the Exploratory Factor Analysis RESULT AND ANALYSIS 1. Discriminant Analysis: Work-Ex A ; Fresher Inference: Wilk’s lambda ( 0. 627 ) is more than 0. 4 which is non important ; Box M trial is besides undistinguished However based on analysis top 5 properties know aparting work ex A ; fresher are Attributes Q5_7_attribute_analog Q5_2_attribute_alarm Q5_12_attribute_torch Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q4_8_attribute_celebrity_endorsement Variable weight of know aparting map . 366. 361. 331. 271. 262 2. Discriminant Analysis: Gender Inference: Wilk’s lambda ( 0. 578 ) is more than 0. 4 which is non important ; based on analysis top 5 properties know aparting males A ; females Attributes Variable weight of know aparting map. Q4_3_attrifashion_statement Q5_3_attribute_dualclock Q5_13_attribute_barometer Q5_8_attribute_motionsensor Q9_2_buy_in_store. 329 . 285 . 269 . 259 . 255 3. Discriminant Analysis: Abroad Visit Inference: Wilk’s lambda ( 0. 573 ) is more than 0. 4 which is non important ; nevertheless based on analysis top 5 properties know aparting foreign visited and non visited people Attributes Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q5_6_attribute_color Q5_16_attribute_warranty Q5_11_attribute_straptype Q4_9_attribute_brand_image Variable weight of know aparting map. 228. 225. 221 . 207 . 205 3 ) Exploratory Factor Analysis- ( Male A ; Female ) Research Question: Is gender a deterministic factor in make up ones minding the purchase of the luxury ticker. If yes what factors are of import gender wise? Hypothesis: Womans while doing luxury goods purchase give more importance to emotional factors whereas Men go for Physical Utility features Factor analysis for male respndents ( 58 males ) Consequences: ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? Fac1 ( Ostentation ) : o O O O O O O O? ? ? ? ? ? Sth to remmeber. manus gesture. to be alone Fac2 ( value added characteristic ) Calculator. digital. compass. Fac3 ( Generic demands ) Shape. H2O opposition Fac4 ( Economic demands ) Discounts Fac 5 ( Tech understanding ) Compass. Motion sensor Fac 6 ( basic ) Analog. H2O opposition Fac 7 ( Wrist suitableness ) Strap type Fac 8 ( excess feautres ) : Date and twenty-four hours show. trade name image Exploratory factor analysis female Respondents ( 23 females ) : Fac1 ( Economical ) : o O O O O o Warranty. after gross revenues. parallel. emotional satisfaction Fac2 ( Style ) Social position. to be alone. manner statement Fac3 ( Particular demands ) Alarm. altimeter. digital. double clock Fac4 ( value added characteristic ) Calculator. compass. barometer. torch. Fac 5 ( Tech understanding ) Hand gesture. price reduction Fac 6 ( Exclusivity ) Motion detector. dismay. trade name image Result Analysis: ? Work force: O Attach importance to Ostentaion. value added feaures and manner ( veblenian consequence and perfectionist consequence are ruling ) ? Womans: o Style. Economic attributes an generic demands ( Hedonist and snob effects dominate 4. Checking the Interpersonal and personal effects shown by males and female while purchase of luxury ticker in Store Research Question: O Is it the monetary value or the type of users of the trade name that drives the purchasing behavior of the consumer for luxury branded goods? O Is it the strong emotion of know aparting themselves with the lower category consumers that drives higher category consumers to turn to luxury trade names? O Is it the merchandise public-service corporation or the trade name perceptual experience that is cardinal for luxury ticker trade names? Hypothesis: -Luxury ticker purchase is chiefly to demo off and as an index of position symbol: veneblian consequence. Users besides buy luxury tickers due to sensed emotional value or for hedonist grounds Veneblian Effect: Snob Effect Bandwagon Effect Hedonistic consequence Type of consequence Veneblian prig Bandwagon Hedonistic Coefficient 0. 517 0. 499 0. 274 0. 305. Inference: As we can clearly detect from the above tabular array that the veneblian consequence is really outstanding in all instances of interpersonal or personal effects. That means Peoples tend to purchase Luxury tickers to demo off of their Public and Social Status. Snob and Bandwagon consequence follows Veneblian consequence. 5. Arrested development Analysis to look into whether long term demand for luxury tickers is driven by trade name image Research Question: Is it the trade name image that drives the long term demand for that luxury trade name? Hypothesis: Brand Image for lucury trade names is responsible for the long term demand of these tickers. Inference: Arrested development is undistinguished with regard to the variables that drive trade name image. Even the R^square value is 0. 071. Hence we can deduce that trade name image is non a good factor to explicate the long term demand for luxury tickers. 6. AMOS The default theoretical account is created based on explorative factor analysis and taking research literature into history. Model Fit Summary Check: Cmin/DF 2-5 OK GFI gt ; 0. 9 Not OK PGFI gt ; 0. 5 All right NFI. TLI. CFI gt ; 0. 9 Not All right RMSEA soap 0. 1 Not All right Model is relatively fit as such But Goodness of fit index is non keeping good. Validity A ; Construct Reliability S No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Attributes Q4_1_attribute_social_status Q4_3_attribute_fashion_statement Q4_2_attribute_to_be_unique Q4_6_attribute_emotional_satisfaction Q4_9_attribute_brand_image Q5_9__attribute_calculator Q5_10_attribute_compass Q5_12_attribute_torch Q5_13_attribute_barometer Q5_3_attribute_dualclock Q5_4_attribute_altimeter Q5_2_attribute_alarm Q5_5_attribute_digital Q5_7_attribute_analog Q5_8_attribute_motionsensor Q5_16_attribute_warranty Q4_10_attribute_secon_time_brandpurchase Q4_4_attribute_premiumwatch_collection Q4_8_attribute_celebrity_endorsements. Concepts Error e1 e2 Delta 1. 028 1. 079 0. 608 0. 635 1. 282 1. 323 1. 687 1. 473 1. 793 1. 816 1. 032 2. 133 1. 407 1. 074 2. 078 0. 179 1. 402 1. 367 2. 019 Lambda 1 0. 67 0. 922 0. 884 0. 997 1 0. 912 0. 971 0. 774 1 1. 135 1. 005 1. 258 1 0. 876 0. 84 0. 403 1. 231 1 AVE CR Exclusivity e3 e4 e5 e6 e7 0. 81 0. 81 Tech_Savvy e8 e9 e14 0. 84 0. 68 Value_Added _Feature e15 e16 e17 e21 1. 22 0. 75 Reliability e22 e23 e26 0. 82 0. 69 Brand_Perce ption.

Tips to Increase Parental Involvement in Education

Tips to Increase Parental Involvement in Education True school reform will always begin with an increase in parental involvement in education. It has been proven time and time again that parents who invest time and place value on their child’s education will have children who are more successful in school. Naturally there are always exceptions, but teaching your child to value education cannot help but have a positive impact on their education. Schools understand the value that involved parents bring and most are willing to take the necessary steps to help boost parental involvement.   This naturally takes time. It should begin in elementary schools where parental involvement is naturally better. Those teachers must build relationships with parents and have conversations about the importance of maintaining a high level of involvement even through high school. School administrators and teachers are continuously frustrated in an age where parental involvement increasingly seems to be on the decline. Part of this frustration lays in the fact that society often places sole blame on the teachers when in truth there is a natural handicap if parents are not doing their part. There is also no denying that each individual school is affected by parental involvement at varying levels. Schools with more parental involvement are almost always the higher-performing schools when it comes to standardized testing. The question is how do schools increase parental involvement? The reality is that many schools are never going to have 100% parental involvement. However, there are strategies that you can implement to increase parental involvement significantly. Improving parental involvement in your school will make teachers’ jobs easier and improve student performance overall. Education Increasing parental involvement begins with having the capacity to educate parents on the ins and outs of how to be involved and why it is important. The sad reality is that many parents simply do not know how to be truly involved with their child’s education because their parents were not involved with their education. It is essential to have educational programs for parents that offer them tips and suggestions explaining how they can get involved. These programs must also focus on the benefits of increased involvement. Getting parents to attend these training opportunities can be challenging, but many parents will attend if you offer food, incentives, or door prizes. Communication There are many more avenues available to communicate because of technology (email, text, social media, etc.) than what there were just a few years ago. Communicating with parents on a continual basis is a key ingredient to increasing parental involvement. If a parent isn’t going to take the time to keep track of their child, then the teacher should make every effort to inform those parents of their child’s progress. There is a chance that the parent will just ignore or tune these communications out, but more times than not the message will be received, and their level of communication and involvement will improve. This is also a way to build trust with parents ultimately making a teacher’s job easier. Volunteer Programs Many parents simply believe that they have minimal responsibilities when it comes to their child’s education. Instead, they believe that it is the primary responsibility of the school and of the teacher. Getting these parents to spend a little time in your classroom is a fantastic way to change their mindset on this. While this approach will not work for everyone everywhere, it can be an effective tool to increase parental involvement in many cases. The idea is that you recruit a parent who is minimally involved in their child’s education to come up and read a story to the class. You immediately invite them back again to lead something like an art activity or anything in which they are comfortable. Many parents will find that they enjoy this type of interaction, and their children will love it, particularly those in early elementary school. Continue to involve that parent and give them more responsibility each time. Pretty soon they will find themselves valuing their child’s education more as they become more invested in the process. Open House/Game Night Having periodic open house or game nights is an excellent way to get parents involved with their child’s education. Don’t expect everyone to attend, but make these events dynamic events that everyone enjoys and talks about. This will lead to increased interest and eventually greater participation. The key is to have meaningful learning activities that force parent and child to interact with each other throughout the night. Again offering food, incentives, and door prizes will create a bigger draw. These events take a lot of planning and effort to do them right, but they can be powerful tools for building relationships, learning, and increasing involvement. Home Activities Home activities can have some effect in increasing parental involvement. The idea is to send home activity packs periodically throughout the year that requires the parents and child to sit down and do together. These activities should be short, engaging, and dynamic. They should be easy to conduct and contain all materials needed to complete the activity. Science activities are traditionally the best and easiest activities to send home. Unfortunately, you cannot expect all parents to complete the activities with their child, but you hope that the majority of them will.

Why Thanksgiving Dinner Makes You So Sleepy

Why Thanksgiving Dinner Makes You So Sleepy Does a big turkey dinner make you sleepy? Unless a microwave dinner is your idea of a Thanksgiving feast, you probably have had firsthand experience with the after-dinner fatigue that sets in after the meal. Why do you want a nap? To escape the dishes? Perhaps, but the meal itself plays a big part in the way you feel. L-Tryptophan and Turkey The turkey is often cited as the culprit in after-dinner lethargy, but the truth is that you could omit the bird altogether and still feel the effects of the feast. Turkey does contain L-tryptophan, an essential amino acid with a documented sleep inducing effect. L-tryptophan is used in the body to produce the B-vitamin, niacin. Tryptophan also can be metabolized into serotonin and melatonin, neurotransmitters that exert a calming effect and regulates sleep. However, L-tryptophan needs to be taken on an empty stomach and without any other amino acids or protein in order to make you drowsy. Theres lots of protein in a serving of turkey and its probably not the only food on the table. Its worth noting that other foods contain as much or more tryptophan than turkey (0.333 g of tryptophan per 100-gram edible portion), including chicken (0.292 g of tryptophan per 100-gram edible portion), pork, and cheese. As with turkey, other amino acids are present in these foods besides tryptophan, so they dont make you sleepy. L-Tryptophan and Carbohydrates L-tryptophan may be found in turkey and other dietary proteins, but its actually a carbohydrate-rich (as opposed to protein-rich) meal that increases the level of this amino acid in the brain and leads to serotonin synthesis. Carbohydrates stimulate the pancreas to secrete insulin. When this occurs, some amino acids that compete with tryptophan leave the bloodstream and enter muscle cells. This causes an increase in the relative concentration of tryptophan in the bloodstream. Serotonin is synthesized and you feel that familiar sleepy feeling. Fats Fats slow down the digestive system, giving Thanksgiving dinner plenty of time to take effect. Fats also take a lot of energy to digest, so the body will redirect blood to your digestive system to tackle the job. Since you have less blood flow elsewhere, you will feel less energetic after eating a meal rich in fats. Alcohol Alcohol is a central nervous system depressant. If alcoholic beverages are part of the holiday celebration, then they will add to the nap-factor. Overeating It takes a great deal of energy to digest a large meal. When your stomach is full, blood is directed away from other organ systems, including your nervous system. The result? You will feel the need to snooze after any big meal, particularly if it is high in fats and carbohydrates. Relaxation Although many people find the holidays stressful, the most relaxing part of the festivities is likely to be the meal. No matter what you may have been doing throughout the day, Thanksgiving dinner provides an opportunity to sit back and relax a feeling that can carry over after the meal. So, why are you sleepy after a big turkey dinner? Its a combination of the type of food, amount of food, and celebratory atmosphere. Happy Thanksgiving!

Role of The Nurse Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Role of The Nurse - Essay Example According to the study a nineteen year old was presented in a dazed and confused state to the emergency ward, as a result of an automobile accident. Physical and radiological examination suggested that there was internal abdominal haemorrhage that would require immediate surgical intervention. The teenager refused treatment and wanted to go home. The emergency physician instructed the emergency nurse to get the boy readied for surgery and the formality of the consent form could be dealt with later.. The emergency nurse refused saying that there were legal and ethical issues involved. The consent form was not a formality, but reflected the dignity of the patient.From this paper it is clear that  the emergency nurse did act as an advocate for the young boy. Patient advocacy by nursing professionals has the tendency to enhance inter-professional conflicts in healthcare and yet, as advocacy is an integral part of nursing, the nursing professional has to stand up for these rights of the patient and expect support from the healthcare system.  From an administrative and legal perspective beneficence is subject to autonomy in other words the patient needs to be convinced that the treatment procedures are in the individuals best interests and be a part of the decision making process and hence the need for informed consent. The Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) code is evolving, with the NMC code 2006 expected in 2008. Till then the NMC code of 2004 continues to be effective.  

Ethical Dilemmas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ethical Dilemmas - Essay Example At such junctures, there are times when overlooking the important details or critical details seems to be favored than doing one’s own due diligence. This ethical dilemma usually occurs between having to submit some degree of research by the given deadline. Of course, this leads to the outcome that a research itself is half-baked or lack of useful content for it. Of course, this was done so that the paper can reach the acceptable deadline. Having to do any further research beyond the set or acceptable deadline may prove to be very problematic itself. To overcome such a dilemma, it would be wise to do ahead with the necessary preparations for researching and plan or schedule the steps for the research to be taken. Being organized with a proper working schedule helps prevent any researcher from being placed into the dilemma between giving an unsatisfactory research work or having the paper not being accepted due to tardiness. No matter how simple a research work can be, always be prepared ahead of time. Another ethical dilemma one faces in doing research work is by making the research too personal in nature that it is merely biased. Biased research occurs when a researcher has personal preferences regarding an issue within the subject matter and will focus on supporting that point solely. There is no problem in having a personal stake in doing one’s research since it allows an individual to share personal insights and opinions regarding the issue at hand. In fact, having a personal voice and perspective in a research paper is what will add a level of interest and unique color in its ideas. However, focusing solely on one issue while neglecting other points in the research would lead to an insufficient result and conclusion. Being biased not only shows lack of understanding for research, it also shows a lack of academic acumen. To deal with this, a researcher must make a mindset to be as objective as possible. Research requires taking data and

History of Mankind Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

History of Mankind - Essay Example During this period, environment became the greatest factor affecting the culture of mankind. Existence was primarily dependent on the ability of an individual to adapt to his environment. Men in Paleolithic era were nomads who travel from one place to another, relying on the availability and access to natural resources for survival. Hunting and fruit-gathering societies abound in this period and these activities served as their sole livelihood. People survived by hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting fruits and nuts. Though people relied on hunting, only very simple tools for hunting were developed as their technology was still primitive. The earliest evidence of the people of the lower Paleolithic communities was found in Europe (Schick). Some historians refer to the Lower Paleolithic era as the "chopper" period because during this age, the earliest stone tools known as "chopper" were developed. Production of these stone tools was through the utilization of pebbles or pieces of rocks. Such tools were found in the Jordan River Valley and in some areas of Jerusalem and Palestine (Schick). The tools indicate the budding of technology at such an early stage. The people during the Paleolithic era were referred to as "Homo habilis." Their survival is also dependent on the availability of resources as peop... The people during the Paleolithic era were referred to as "Homo habilis." Their survival is also dependent on the availability of resources as people still rely on wild plants, fruits and meat from hunted animals. The excavated burned rocks in Lower Paleolithic societies indicate that man had stumbled upon the essential discovery of fire at a later stage. Some circles of stones used by these societies believed to have been used as centers for family gatherings lead to the belief that Lower Paleolithic societies place a high value on family. Middle Paleolithic Civilization in the Middle Paleolithic began about 200,000 years ago. People during this period are known as Neanderthals, whose traces were first discovered in France. The technology during this period was more developed than that of the Lower Paleolithic era as improved versions of stone tools were used for hunting and self-defense. Excavated artifacts showed some evidence of ritual observance among Middle Paleolithic communities. Evidence also showed that rituals were carried out during burials. High regard for family members is also evident as people in this period nurse their ailing elders (Sanders et al.). Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic period began around 35,000 to 10,000 years ago. Technological discoveries have facilitated the spread of people across Asia, Europe, and Africa. Knowledge in science and technology blossomed during the era as significant leaps are attained in the field of arts and infrastructure. People during the period had obtained the necessary know-how on construction of temporary dwelling made of branches and animal skins. The discovery of metal tools, pendants, necklaces and bracelets of shells, bone and ivory highlights the development of arts.

Shurgard Self-Storage Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Shurgard Self-Storage - Assignment Example A Shurgard store could be run by one manager and two employees. The business could break even with a 35% occupancy rate. The normal occupancy rate of the business is 85%. When the company opens up a new store it usually takes about two years for the new business unit to reach normal occupancy rates. b. The growth of the company in Europe has been slow. The company was handicapped in its ability to expand due to lack of financing resources available. European banks thought there was no need in Europe for rental storage space. The company found an investor which helped the firm open up its first three stores. The company had by 1999 12 stores in Europe. The market acceptance was slow, but Europeans seemed to have the same tendencies of Americans of desiring store space to rent. One of the problems in Europe for the company was that the overhead costs were higher. The labor laws were different in the various European countries. The firm needed a new management teams for each new country, while in the United States the firm would use regional managers for its executive managerial functions. c. I think that the original project to expand into Europe was a good initiative that needed to be tested. So far the company has invested with its partners over â‚ ¬120 million in Europe. It needs a lot more money to achieve the phase II expansion plans.

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene Essay

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene practice and belief may have influenced Christianity - Essay Example e Essenes were an important group because they flourished and shared some views with other groups of the same time such as early rabbinic Jews and Christians ». Therefore, this means that certain views and beliefs produced profound effect on Christianity on the early stages of its development. First of all, the core belief shared by the members of Essene brotherhood was the idea of messianism, i.e. upcoming arrival of the Messiah. According to the Dead Seas Scrolls, Essenes can be called the religious community, in which the idea of messianism flourished (Patella). This sect was against any weapons, though they would carry it only as a means of protection against robbers and were ready to use it only in struggle against the forces of evil, when the Messiah would come to rescue the God’s people. Impact of these beliefs can be traced in foundations of the New Testament Christianity, as the idea of Jesus Christ as a messiah who came to redeem all sins of people is in the core of Christian belief. Secondly, the form of organization practiced by the Essenes can be paralleled to that of the early Christian church. The community was ruled by the collegium consisting of 12 priests. Later, in the apostolic period, the church was headed by the twelve apostles. The structure of Essene sect incorporated bishops, priests, churches, gospels, disciples etc. – church hierarchy and organization probably inspired that of Christianity, along with the way of Holy Scriptures’ allegorical interpretation. This statements seems especially plausible, as Essenes existed long before the dawn of the New Testament Christianity. Thirdly, there is a considerable number of customs and traditions that seem to be borrowed by early Christianity from the Essenes. For example, the latter lived in communities, rejected money, served each other and mainly observed celibacy – these features can be easily traced in monastic rules of Christian church. The principles guiding their lifestyle must

Discussion Board 3-2 Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Discussion Board 3-2 - Research Paper Example This is usually observable even to layman and does not require deep thinking or analysis of the criteria or the process. A test may have low face validity if the structure or outward organization fails to relate to the intended purpose of the test. Face validity is very important since it gives test takers and test users substantial confidence over and increase reliability of a test. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturnam (2013) reassure that lack of face validity in a test does not discredit relevance or usefulness of the given test. Content validity describes the extent or adequacy of a test covers or samples behaviours or elements that represent a collection of behaviours that the design of a test intended to measure. For a test to have content validity, it must prove to sample or cover part of elements or characteristics of a given item under test. Cohen, Swerdlik and Sturnam (2013) report that content validity is widely important in employment. Test to determine content validity of a given employee analyzes and evaluates skills and behaviour of a given employee with relation to the skills and knowledge desired for a given job

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene Essay

Who were the Essenes Summarize at least three ways in which Essene practice and belief may have influenced Christianity - Essay Example e Essenes were an important group because they flourished and shared some views with other groups of the same time such as early rabbinic Jews and Christians ». Therefore, this means that certain views and beliefs produced profound effect on Christianity on the early stages of its development. First of all, the core belief shared by the members of Essene brotherhood was the idea of messianism, i.e. upcoming arrival of the Messiah. According to the Dead Seas Scrolls, Essenes can be called the religious community, in which the idea of messianism flourished (Patella). This sect was against any weapons, though they would carry it only as a means of protection against robbers and were ready to use it only in struggle against the forces of evil, when the Messiah would come to rescue the God’s people. Impact of these beliefs can be traced in foundations of the New Testament Christianity, as the idea of Jesus Christ as a messiah who came to redeem all sins of people is in the core of Christian belief. Secondly, the form of organization practiced by the Essenes can be paralleled to that of the early Christian church. The community was ruled by the collegium consisting of 12 priests. Later, in the apostolic period, the church was headed by the twelve apostles. The structure of Essene sect incorporated bishops, priests, churches, gospels, disciples etc. – church hierarchy and organization probably inspired that of Christianity, along with the way of Holy Scriptures’ allegorical interpretation. This statements seems especially plausible, as Essenes existed long before the dawn of the New Testament Christianity. Thirdly, there is a considerable number of customs and traditions that seem to be borrowed by early Christianity from the Essenes. For example, the latter lived in communities, rejected money, served each other and mainly observed celibacy – these features can be easily traced in monastic rules of Christian church. The principles guiding their lifestyle must

Fundamentals of Decision Support -linear programming (LP), integer Assignment

Fundamentals of Decision Support -linear programming (LP), integer linear programming (ILP), or transportation problem and problem - Assignment Example on, the manager is seeking an option that has the least amount of costs, as he banks on this cost efficiency of the option selected in maximizing the returns on investment. Each of the three shirts produced by the company requires a given set of material n specified quantities or amounts. For instance, an athletic shirt requires one yard of fabric comprising of sixty percent cotton, while the rest is rayon. The manger also has to consider the available number of contracts per shirt within a given period, say weekly, and then compare this with the market price of the finished product. As such, the manager should come up with the right quantities of each shirt that would bring the company the most profits without increasing its costs of production (Lussier 2010, p.382). The criteria for the manger to use in making this decision depend on the cost of raw materials, the available resources within the reach of the company, as well as, the demand and price of the finished product. Rayon goes at  £7 and only 3000 yards of it is available to the company on a weekly basis. On the other hand, cotton goes for  £5 and the company can only lay hands on 4000 yards of the material. The available market demand of each finished product, together with the number of possible contracts on a weekly basis for each product, assists the manager in drawing up the right objective to pursue in making decisions. This is because there is a budget limit that the manger has to adhere to while making such decisions. As such, a manager can only make a right decision if it is within the budgetary provisions of the company, as well as, assure the company of maximum proceeds at the closure of business (Pinheiro-Bohl 2007, p.75). The appropriate model to undertake in making such an important decision is the resource allocation model. This model enables the manager to make a decision on the right amount of resources to allocate to a given line of product or process of production. For instance, in

Strength and Weakness Essay Example for Free

Strength and Weakness Essay Focus Focus is a scary word to most people. What can it do for us? How can it help us? Can we program ourselves to focus? Focus, confidence and selfdiscipline all work hand in hand with each other. Learning to focus can help us in many ways. It can help us realise what we really want in life, it can help us make good and informed decisions. It can also help us to accept ourselves just the way we are, without feeling the need to condemn ourselves or put  ourselves down in any way, shape or form. Focus can help us gain confidence, power and happiness. Focus can also help us remain grounded and stay on track. Focus can change confusion into absolute knowledge and self-criticism into love for oneself. Always be aware that you ARE able to focus on what you want, and to focus your thoughts on anything at all. Try it now by thinking about the dishes, now change your focus and think about your car. Switch focus again and think about a dog. It really is that easy to focus on whatever you want to focus on. We all need to learn to set aside time to be used on the one thing we want or need to focus on. It’s not a matter of â€Å"taking the time† to focus, but more a matter of â€Å"making the time†. If we are willing to make the time, we will focus a lot better on whatever it is you want or need to do. You ask me how I can possibly make time to focus with four demanding children, 3 dogs and a new house? Easy, I can stay up for an extra hour when all the kids are in bed and the house is quiet, and MAKE the time to focus on what I’m doing with absolutely no distractions at all. Oh, that’s right; you work too, so you’re too tired to stay up late. How about getting up half an hour early, before the madness at home begins? Before you go to bed, get everything ready for your early morning â€Å"focus time† so that you don’t have to run around looking for it when you’re half awake. Of course, this means you have to have a plan of action ready beforehand. Decide when you are going to make time, and stick to it like glue. Don’t let ANYTHING take you away from that time. Make sure you have everything you need all in one place, a room, or ev en a corner of a room where you can sit in peace. Unplug the phone, turn off the television, and don’t even listen to quiet background music. Whatever happens around you will distract you unless you learn how to focus. Sometimes it seems easier to just go along with these distractions than to focus on the end goal. Remember, if you let yourself go along with the distractions, you are losing sight of your goals. Sharpen your vision of what you want or you WILL be at the mercy of your environment. When you want something you have to decide EXACTLY what it is you want. If you don’t know what you want, there’s no way on earth you’re  going to be able to focus on it. So you want to pass that driving test that you’ve taken and failed umpteen times, or you want to pass that really important exam in school. You might want to write a book, or build a website, run your own business, be a teacher or any number of different things. The main thing is you have to KNOW that’s what you want, and you have to set your aims high and demand yourself to focus on getting it. Read more:  Examples of Personal Strengths and Weaknesses Once you decide what you want, you have to decide WHY you want it. Visualize yourself in that brand new Mercedes or BMW, or in front of that school desk teaching the kids geography. The vision makes you feel good, right? So that’s why you want it, it feels good to do what you want to do, be who you want to be and own what you want to own. Visualization is a major part in being able to focus. If you can actually see yourself in the position you want to be in, then it’s so much easier to focus on the task of getting there. The next thing you have to do is to decide how you’re going to actually get what you want. What are you willing to sacrifice in the quest to get those great exam grades? What can you do without in order to start up your own business? How can you make your family life happier and more peaceful? Sit back and close your eyes, imagining what it will be like to have what you want in life, and think long and hard about what you can give up so that you can get there. Say you want a new sofa, but the only way you can get one is if you quit smoking. Envision the sofa, with you and your partner cuddling up on it. What colour is it? Is it big and fluffed up, or is it a small ultra-modern sofa? Focus on the sofa and want it badly enough, you WILL stop smoking so you can get it. These are all small things and perfectly attainable with a little bit of focus, but what if you want bigger and better things than that  for yourself. First overcome the exams, once that goal is reached go get that driving licence. Next you get a brand spanking new BMW. Keep setting goals; as soon as you reach the first one, move on to the next, staying focused all the time on what it is you want. Reaching that first goal will give you an  incredible boost of confidence, which in turn will make it so much easier to get started on the next goal. The more goals you reach, the more confidence you will have in yourself and that will fuel the success of the next goal, and the next one after that, until there are endless possibilities for you. Start off by wri ting down each and every goal you WANT to reach in your lifetime. Then write a daily plan for the goal you want to reach first. Write the plan before you go to bed at night, it gives your brain time to take it all in and work with it. It’s amazing what the brain will do when we are sleeping. Also, writing the plan the night before helps free up that time during the next day so that you can purely sit and focus on the task at hand. Make the plan a numbered list and cross each item off as you finish it. You’ll be amazed at how quickly you get through it this way. Once you’ve reached the outcome you want, move on to your next goal following the same pattern as before. If you find your thoughts wandering in your â€Å"focus time† take a break, write down your thoughts and put them away somewhere for future reference. If you find there are multiple things you can do to attain your goals, figure out which of them is the one most likely to help you get there quickest. Put the others on hold, they may come in useful when you’re aiming for that next goal. If you lock your focus, and stick with it for as long as you have to, you WILL succeed. If you stick to one thing, one goal and focus on that, its virtually impossible to not reap the rewards of your actions. Confidence Before we start, please keep one thing in mind; Confidence and arrogance are two totally different things. If you confuse the two, you will most certainly become a very unhappy person with very few real friends. Arrogance is NOT a â€Å"quality† and it won’t help you reach your goals any faster. Confidence in oneself, or the lack thereof is what stops people from getting tightly focused on what they want to achieve. That little voice telling them they cant do something is their biggest UN-motivator. What can YOU do to  gain confidence? 25 Tips Toward Boosting Your Confidence and Self Esteem. 1. Love Yourself: This can take a bit of practice and looks really funny, but try it, it works. When you wake up, give yourself a great big hug. Do the same when it’s time for sleep. You’ve heard this said a million times before: â€Å"How can you expect others to love you if you dont love yourself?† It’s true. Practice the morning and evening hugs for 2 weeks, maybe 3 weeks if youre the stubborn type and you’ll see how well it works. 2. Look in the mirror: Every time you pass a mirror, look into it and flash your biggest and best smile at yourself. It might feel strange at first, but eventually it’ll make you feel brilliant about yourself. Tell yourself â€Å"Looking good!† or â€Å"Wow, I love me!† or similar phrases often enough to actually start believing it. 3. Do things that make you feel good: This can be anything from listening to music, trekking in the Andes, doing some volunteer work or even just taking a shower. Anything that gives you a positive feeling about yourself works for this one. 4. Listen to YOU: Face it. Nobody knows you better than you know yourself, no matter how many people try to tell you differently. So if your body, mind or gut is telling you something, then take notice of it, and dont worry about what other people may possibly have to say about it. 5. Talk to YOU: In times of stress, take a time-out break. Wander into your own mind and have a conversation with yourself about anything at all. Tell yourself how lucky  you are to be you, and praise yourself for every good and positive thing you can attribute to yourself. 6. Remove negatives: If anything feels like it’s dragging you down, get rid of it. If it’s clutter, tidy up, if it’s a friend full of negativity explain nicely that you don’t really feel up to talking right now. If it’s your kids acting up, leave the room for a while and so on. 7. Surround with positives: Surround yourself with things that bring out good feelings in you. Examples could be things such as happy, upbeat friends, a nice new picture, a new car, an old comfy blanket, candles, pictures of your family, your girlfriend, boyfriend, spouse etc. 8. Rumours Die: Did you hear something about somebody who said something about somebody else? Drop it! Rumours are nasty, horrible things that will only bring you down. Best way to kill a rumour? Ignore it! 9. Total Honesty: Be totally honest with yourself at all times. If there’s something you dont like, admit it. If there’s something you don’t want to do â€Å"right now† and it isn’t necessary for health and safety reasons then just don’t do it until you feel like it. Same goes for the positive aspects. If there’s something you want to do, and it’s not hurting anybody, then go ahead and do it. If you start feeling great about yourself for no apparent reason admit it and enjoy the feeling. 10. Responsibility Take full responsibility for your own actions. Dont shove the blame for anything over onto someone or something else. We all make choices in our lives, and once we take responsibility for those choices we tend to choose better for ourselves. Once we start to choose better, we feel better and things start falling into place. On the other hand, dont take over someone else’s responsibilities just because you feel â€Å"you have to†. 11. Pretend: If you feel unsafe, unsure or nervous then go inside yourself and pretend you’re a hot-shot lawyer, actor, actress, singer or whatever you need to be. Make believe you’re presenting yourself as that person would until you feel better. Trust me, you WILL feel better, and eventually have no need to be anything but yourself. 12. Keep Trying: If you’re trying to do something but dont get it right first time round, then try again, and again, and again, constantly learning from your mistakes until you get it right. When you finally DO get it right, you’ll feel wonderful about it. 13. Credit where credit is due: If you’ve done something really good, and people compliment you on it, accept the compliments with thanks! Understand that they’re complimenting because they really ARE impressed with what you’ve done. Believe in you and give yourself a pat on the back. (Although physically it would probably be easier to just give yourself a round of applause). 14. Stand Tall: Standing up straight will ALWAYS make you feel better about yourself than slouching does. Stand with your feet slightly apart, suck in your tummy and   behind, broaden your shoulders and straighten your neck. It’s an amazingly  quick confidence boost. 15. Say Hello: Make it a rule to say hi to at least one person you dont know EVERY day. Give them the smile you flash at yourself in the mirror, the biggest and best one you can find. They’ll smile back automatically, and they’ll walk away with a little extra confidence boost thanks to you. People look their best when they smile, and they also feel better by smiling too! This ultimately means you get a confidence boost too, for making someone else feel good about themselves. 16. Never Say Never.Ever: If you think something can’t be done, then youll end up proving yourself right eventually. So never say never, just keep plugging along until it works for you. If other people are telling you it can’t be done, youre going to feel such immense satisfaction at actually doing it that your confidence will soar. 17. Get Active: Dont sit around the house just doing nothing. Get up, go out, cycling, walking, exercising, anything that might invigorate your brain. A lively brain full of thoughts will help you gain confidence. 18. â€Å"Happy Foods†: Happy foods, such as chocolate, strawberries, lemons, ice-cream etc will increase the serotonin levels in your brain, leading to an increased feeling of happiness. Feeling happy is a natural confidence boost. So go on, enjoy your food! (in moderation, of course). 19. Face Your Fear: Is there something you are afraid of? Face it full on. Doing something scary and overcoming the fear is a fantastic way to boost your confidence. So go on, jump out of that plane (with a parachute of course), drive that car, speak in  front of a large crowd, ask for a promotion, or whatever it is that scares you. Youll feel absolutely brilliant once it’s done. 20. Willpower: Create a goal that you really want to reach. Possibly something like weight loss before a certain time, giving up smoking or having a certain amount of money in the bank within so many months etc. Take baby steps, and use your willpower until you succeed at reaching your goal. It will be really hard, as will power can be very elusive at times, but keep going and dont give up. Once you have reached that first goal by using your willpower you will have the confidence to create new goals AND reach them. 21. Ask questions: Any time you find yourself worrying about something you haven’t done, or something you think you should have done, ask yourself positive questions. Instead of thinking â€Å"I’m terrible for missing my friend’s birthday† think â€Å"What can I do to make my friend feel special?† Or, instead of â€Å"Why can’t I ever seem to do things on time?† change it to â€Å"What can I change to better manage my time† Creating positive questions will release the negative energies which have a tendency to pull down your self confidence. 22. Learn: Accept that not everything works out the way we plan it. Decide to accept any mistakes and rejections as part of a learning curve that we all need to go through. Without mistakes, you can’t learn from your own experiences. Remember, experience builds confidence, so always learn as much as you can. 23. List: Write a list of every single thing youre good at, anything from clipping the dog’s toenails to putting up a shelf. Take the time to sit and actually think about what you ARE good at and add them all to the list. Youll besurprised at  how many things you end up jotting down, no   matter how minor or trivial they may seem at the time. Whenever you have a spare 5 minutes, or if youre feeling a little low, take the list out of your pocket and read it. This is a great little way to give yourself a nice confidence boost. 24: Help out: There are lots of ways to help others, and feeling useful and helpful are great ways of building your confidence. Just make sure you do things because you WANT to do them. You could call a good friend who may be down at the moment-even take them out for coffee, you will brighten both your days, or you could possibly help out at an old folks home or similar. Knowing that people appreciate your help will boost your confidence for sure. 25: Show the way: Think of the one thing you do best of all. Think long and hard about this one. Thought of something? Now, find a discussion group or similar related to that topic and spread your wisdom by answering questions, offering advice or help to anybody needing it. If you can’t find a group, you could even start one yourself. People will look up to you and that will give you all the more reason to feel confident about yourself. Self-Discipline To really be able to focus demands a lot of self-discipline. Remember that your outcome depends on YOU, not on the world around you. If you want something badly enough you WILL do everything in your power to get it. Self-discipline in this context is basically only letting yourself do what you WANT to do at that precise moment in time to be able to reach your goals more quickly. Remember that YOU are the boss of your actions. YOU are the one who is in control. So ultimately YOU decide what and when to do things  you need to do to achieve your ultimate success Your ability to manage your actions is directly related to the level of success and happiness you will experience throughout your life. Managing your actions is commonly known as exercising self-discipline. Its absolutely not about restricting your lifestyle, or punishing yourself. Its about being able to work with your thoughts, behaviour and actions in order to reach the goals that you wish to reach. Not having self-discipline is one of the main reasons why we fail at what we want to do, both professionally and personally. Excuse-making often creates lack of self-discipline, so drop all your excuses and start keeping habits that in themselves will create the self-discipline you need. Make routines that you know you are capable of sticking to, and keep them. How do you attain self-discipline? A few options could be regular exercise, better, healthier eating, even learning to spend less money. It could be something like deciding to learn something new every single day or just getting up an hour earlier than you normally would. Having self-discipline will help you to complete the most boring and mundane of the tasks you are focusing on. Should you find yourself sitting and thinking thoughts like â€Å"Oh, I’ll just do this instead† or â€Å"I can do that some other time† when you are working on your goals then STOP, take a deep breath and remember your self-discipline. In Ending The end of the story? You can do anything you want to do, be anything you want to be and go where you want to go. All you need is confidence in yourself and the ability to focus. I’ve now given you ideas on how to do that, so go on;

The History And Contributions :: essays research papers

Greek Geometry Although the original roots of geometry can be traced to the Egyptians, the Greeks built on most Egyptian theories that we use today. Greek astronomy and Greek geometry were both used in order to answer many difficult questions of the time. Without geometry, the study of astronomy would have been almost impossible, and vice versa. Even though many Greek theorems and principles were later built on by geniuses such as Einstein and Lobachevsky, the basis still remains the same. The development of Greek geometry is said to be started by Thales of Miletus. Thales came from Egypt with a number of geometric principles that the Greeks were able to use for practical purposes. He lived towards the beginning of the sixth century B.C, and has been credited with many geometric theorems. Some of the most important theorems developed by Thales included: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If two triangles have two angles and one side is respectively equal, then both triangles are congruent to each other. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Angles at the base of any isosceles triangle are equal. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  If two straight lines intersect, then the opposite angles formed are equal. Thales also did much work with the height of pyramids by measuring the height of the pyramid's shadow only at a specific time of the day. While most of his theorems were proven, some that were not pertained to a ship's distance from shore and the bisector of a circle. His discoveries led to the formation of many other theorems by later Greeks such as Pythagoras and Plato. These two men (next to Thales) contributed the most to Greek geometry. Pythagoras discovered and proved many different theorems and ideas that contributed greatly to the development of geometry. Some of Pythagoras's proven discoveries included: -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  All of the angles in a triangle add up to the sum of two right angles. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The development and use of geometrical algebra. -  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The theorem of Pythagoras. a^2 + b^2 = c^2 Pythagoras also did many studies with triangles and developing or editing shapes. His most famous discovery was the Pythagorean theorem (listed above). This theorem combined the sides of a right triangle, and this led to the development of irrational numbers by Pythagoras later on. Pythagoras discovered that the square root of 2 was an irrational number. Plato, another great mind of Greece, did more than just develop theorems for geometry, he stressed that geometry was essential. Plato believed that everyone should be well educated in mathematics as well as geometry.

Pips Personality Change in Great Expectations :: Great Expectations Essays

Pip's Personality Change in Great Expectations Most people would assume that through age and maturation, a boy with a wonderful heart and personality would further develop into a kind hearted, considerate gentleman. In Great Expectations, Charles Dickens provides his readers with an example of a boy who regresses in certain aspects of his personality rather than progressing as one would expect. Pip, a person who had loved and revered his uncle Joe as a child, while maturing, finds that his perspective on life has shifted. This boy, beginning life with a caring, generous heart, regresses becoming a superficial, ungrateful man who is ashamed of what he had once been. Pip and Biddy had become the best of friends and felt very strongly towards each other. However, once Pip had been introduced to Estella, he was overcome by her beauty, and would never again be able to look at Biddy, without feeling critical towards her. Slowly, after coming into contact with Estella, Pip was becoming superficial, as he was only interested in a girl's appearance. Thinking of Biddy, Pip thought to himself, "She was not beautiful--She was common and could not be like Estella..." (p 600) Estella's beauty had made Pip blind as to what was really important in a person. No matter how coldly Pip was treated by Estella, he went on loving her only because of her astounding beauty. As Pip progressed in life, he became increasingly ungrateful to the people that had raised and cared for him as a child. His disrespect was most strongly shown towards Joe. Having not seen Joe for a number of years, Pip shows that he would rather have continued his now prosperous life without having anything to do with Joe, when he thinks, "Let me confess with what feeling I looked forward to Joe's coming... Not with pleasure though I was bound to him by so many ties; no, with considerable disturbance and some mortification." (p 630) Despite Joe's kindness and caring, Pip remained unappreciative and ungrateful, for now Pip was wealthy and did not care to have contact with a poor man. Pip's most unfavorable quality was the fact that he was ashamed of his past and his family. By now, the only thing Pip was interested in was

History of McDonald’s

McDonald’s with about 30.000 restaurants in 121 countries; was founded in 1948 at San Bernardino, USA. Its business goals are satisfied employees, more satisfied guests and a better economy. They consider employees as their main asset and accordingly, have undertaken human resource programs and practices called the â€Å"People Promise†.   Their success was due to quality, quick service, cleanliness and value for money. In 1997, McDonald’s divided its HR into three groups: the Service Center, HR Business Partners and the HR Design Center. The HR Design Center employs HR experts who develop, test and implement systems applicable to employees’ tools, which are at the forefront of research and which are designed to improve overall business results. The Measurement and Organizational Effectiveness group deals with employee commitment surveys in order to standardize relevant data, to study practices and approaches that affect turnover, productivity, customer satisfaction, sales and profitability. I-O psychologists have played a critical role in Leadership Assessment and Development, which deals with the executive succession planning process, senior management feedback and coaching and other senior leadership development programs. Implementing competency-based people systems, McDonald’s has realized intellectual capital by helping each person deliver business results. This is the People Promise initiative, which identifies metrics that relate to the success of this key strategy. In addition to conducting job analyses and test validation studies, I – O psychologists also construct and assess methodologies appropriate for capturing critical factors that measure overall business success. â€Å"I-O psychologists at McDonald’s are now, in a position to enact a key role in defining the landscape, identifying the key signposts and measuring how far an organization has gone to reach its overall goals† (Matt Barney, July 2001). McDonald's attaches great importance to imparting knowledge about the benefits of a balanced diet and active lifestyle not only to its customers but also to its employees. Recently, Peter Beresford, CEO of the UK wing of McDonald’s, endeavor has been to improve communications. He has initiated a number of pioneering measures like ‘Ask Peter', a direct e-mail, ‘Town Halls', a monthly live online event where board members answer questions from staff, and the MDUK staff magazine. The employees have welcomed these changes whole heartedly (HR Challenges. 6th September 2005). Sources HR challenges †¦ I’m lovin’ it., 6th September 2005. Retrieved 19th April 2006, form http://www.personneltoday.com/Articles/2005/09/06/31465/HR+challenges+I'm+lovin'+it.htm Matt Barney, Macro, Meso, Micro: McDonald’s, Retrieved April 17, 2006 from http://siop.org/tip/backissues/tipjul01/17barney.htm   

Term Paper on Fm Radio of Bangladesh

This report is based on the survey on the opinion about FM revolution in Bangladesh. As our course requirement was to prepare a term paper based on survey so we have selected FM industry as our project area. FM industry has taken a different look in our country now-a-days with the launch of three private FM stations. So the recent craze or popularity of FM stations is a very contemporary issue and can be referred as FM revolution. Therefore, we decided to conduct a survey to find out which is the most popular FM station and why?As Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar are mostly listened so all of our questions for survey were asked regarding these three private FM stations. We surveyed 25 people aged from 15 to 27. Our questions were set in a manner so that we can find out which is the most popular FM station among Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar and reason behind its popularity. We believe studying the popularity issues of FM stations would give us a comprehensive under standing of the current communication pattern in the media and it will expand our learning of this course of Business Communication.We have divided the objective of this report into two parts. One is general and the other is more specific. These objectives are stated below: General Objectives General objective of this report is to conduct a survey to find out which is the most popular FM station and why. To meet this goal we conduct a survey on 25 people aged from 15 to 27. According to the result of the survey we have developed this report. During our survey we aimed to understand some specific criteria which can be regarded as our specific objective. These are as follows: Specific ObjectivesTo find out the most popular FM station and reason behind its popularity we specified our questioner to the criteria as follows: Rating of popularity Major criteria for popularity General complains of listeners Suggestions We have collected our data from both primary source and secondary source . We have mostly used our textbooks and the Internet as the vehicle of the secondary source. In addition for our primary source of information we have conducted a survey on 25 people aged from 15 to 27. Then we have studied the gathered data and find the actual information of our project.We also use some graphs and tables to represent data in a grouped manner. We believe that the future scope of this report can be of very wide range. As FM industry has proved to be a promising sector in media of Bangladesh so knowledge of popularity trends of this sector is very helpful regarding to conduct future research. Our report also provides a clear and specific idea of the current program features of FM stations, complains and suggestions of listeners. So for developing a popular FM station this report can provide innovative ideas and suggestions after further research.We acknowledge that our report is not a comprehensive representation of all the information regarding FM industry. These dis crepancies are primarily due to the fact that our aim was to conduct a report which is very short and precise. So we only put focus on our specific objectives. As a result we put emphasis on recently launched three private FM stations. As our sample size of the survey was also very few so it is natural that we have able to cover a very precise and specific area regarding this report.Regardless, we have furnished the report to the best of our ability and we are willing to change any part of our report in light of new and credible information. Chapter Two Recent times have seen an upsurge in FM industry in Bangladesh. Specially Private sector FM (frequency modulation) band radio channels are becoming popular with the people in and around the Dhaka city, mainly to the students and young generation, for their differences in the presentation style and variation in news and other programs.Apart from the in-house listeners, many of the youngsters, who were used to carry MP3 players, now li sten to music and news on the FM radio-enabled mobile phone sets. A List of Bangladeshi radio stations is given below: National Bangladesh Betar FM Stations Radio Today FM 88. 0 Radio Foorti FM 89. 6 Radio Amar (Uniwave) FM 101 ABC (coming soon) Radio Metrowave Online Streaming Radio ONIYOM Bengali Live Classic Streaming But among all these stations recently launched three FM band stations— Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar— are mostly listened by general people.These stations are currently on air with 100 kilometers radius that covers Dhaka and surrounding 15 districts. Because of the variety of contents, new way of presentation and technical superiority, FM radio is gaining popularly despite the operation of a number of television channels. Radio Today (FM 89. 6); the country’s first 24-hour radio station went on air on September 16. Radio Foorti, the country’s second 24-hour radio station and first entertainment and fun radio, went on air on Sep tember 21. Radio Foorti is purely for entertainment and fun. Radio Amar has been launched recently.Apart from these stations, another privately-owned FM band radio stations — Ayna Broadcasting Corporation— are coming on air soon with a challenge to make radio popular with the people in Dhaka and its adjoining districts. In developed countries, radio is still a very popular medium of entertainment and news and the objective of the authorities of the radio stations is also take radio to that level of entertainment art. In those countries, Radio is still a big part of their lifestyle, and in our country a niche has been carved recently for radio in the hearts of the people.Sakib, a student, said ‘Earlier I would carry a MP3 player. Now I just use my mobile phone set to listen to music and the news updates’. Radio Today simultaneously airs information and entertainment, which the authorities term ‘infotainment’. It covers news and views on politic al events, sports, education, business and commerce while Radio Foorti broadcasts music, talk show, celebrity show, advertisements and live programs of pure entertainment. Out of 2. 3 crore people in 16 districts, FM radio’s target audience include school, college and university students, housewives and executives.Age limit of their target audiences ranges between 16 years and 40 years. Persons aged over 40 years may also be listeners if they are still young in spirit. With the huge response of listeners these private FM stations are planning to be expanded throughout the country. As Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar are mostly listened so all of our questions during survey were asked regarding these three private FM stations. We surveyed 25 people aged from 15 to 27. Our questions were set in a manner so that we can find out which is the most popular FM station among Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar and why?According to our survey we have gathered some statist ical data and we have analyzed those data graphically and came to some assumption. Findings of our survey will be explained throughout the report. To find out the most popular FM station among the most listened Radio Today, Radio Foorti and Radio Amar we conducted a survey on 25 people aged from 15 to 27. We have prepared a structured questioner in order to get the information easily and quickly. We had in total 8 questions in our questioner which were asked basically to find out some specific criteria.In order to avoid biasness we set two opinion based questions as open questions. After completing survey we gathered some statistical data and we have analyzed those data graphically. Our entire survey can be divided into four parts. This are- These parts are briefly discussed below with necessary graphs and tables: 1st two questions of our survey were asked to judge the popularity of FM stations. We tried to find out the most popular FM station among the most listened Radio Today, Ra dio Foorti and Radio Amar. Our 1st question was- How do you feel about listening to radio?Options: Awesome Good Ok Bad The response to this question is shown below graphically: So from this graph we can understand that 12% of people from our survey said awesome, 60% said well (good), 20% said ok and only 8% said badly as their feelings about listening to radio. 2nd question was- Which station do you like most? Options: Radio Today-89. 6 FM Radio Foorti-88. 0 FM Radio Amar-101. 0 FM The responses to this question are shown below graphically: Among 25 people 7 said that they like Radio Today-89. 6 FM, 14 like Radio Foorti-88. 0 FM and 4 people like Radio Amar-101. FM. So from these two graphs we can easily understand that FM radio is very popular among most of the people and Radio Foorti-88. 0 FM is the most popular FM station among the most listened three private FM station. Radio today is the 2nd most popular FM station according to our survey. To analyze and understand the criteria for popularity of the FM stations we interviewed a several questions during our survey. These questions can be categorized into different topics. These categorical questions are explained graphically below with the responses: FeaturesFM stations use a number of attractive tools for their listeners which can be referred as features. These features include program features, Radio Jockey, songs, information, flexible accessibilities etc. To find out the most popular feature we set the 3rd question in our questioner as- Why do you like your preferred station? Options: Program features Radio Jockey Flexible accessibility Songs Information Among 25 people 8 said that they prefer Program features, 6 people prefer Radio Jockey, 4 people chose songs and 2 people chose information as their main reason behind likings about FM station.Again 5 people listen to their preferable FM station as this media of entertainment and information can be accessed flexibly from mobile, MP3 player and even car . So for them their favorite FM station is preferred because it does not require sitting in front of television or at any fixed place. They can easily tune to their favorite station at home, work or even at roads. These data are shown below graphically: So from this graph we can understand that program feature is the most popular feature among the listeners of FM channels.To find out what type of program is most popular we asked another question during our survey- Which type of program of FM do you like most? Options: Informative Celebrity show & Talk show Request show (SMS sending segment) Quiz contest Among 25 people 2 people like informative show, 11 people like celebrity show & talk show, 7 people like request show and 5 people like quiz contest show most. This information is represented graphically below: So from this graph we can assume that celebrity and talk shows are most popular at FM. Sound QualityAs FM channels are enjoyed through listening so quality of sound is a matte r of consideration for popularity of FM stations. To find out how the listeners are reacting to the sound quality of various stations we asked two questions. These are as follows- Which station’s sound quality seems better to you? Options: Radio Today-98. 6 FM Radio Foorti-88. 0 FM Radio Amar-101. 0 FM Among 25 people 13 people said that sound quality of Radio Today is better, 7 people said sound quality of Radio Foorti is better, 5 people said sound quality of Radio Amar is better.This information is represented graphically below: So from this graph it is clear that sound quality of Radio Today seems comparatively better to the majority. To analyze which is important to listeners in terms of choosing preferable station we asked another question- Which is important to you in terms of choosing your preferable station? Options: Sound Quality Program Features Both From these options 6 persons chose sound quality, 12 persons selected both and 7 people selected program features. T his information is represented below graphically:So from this graph we can easily understand most of the people prefer both sound quality and program features. In order to avoid biasness, in our questioner we have included an open question stated as- Any complain against FM stations? We have received various opinions as answers for this question. 12 people said that advertisement on FM is very boring, 5 people said that there are lack of certain programs such as special program for children and aged people, religious program etc, 8 people complained that there is no access from rural area.These numerical values are represented below graphically: In order to avoid biasness, in our questioner we have included an open question stated as- Any suggestion for FM industry? We have received various opinions as answers for this question. 8 people said that some specific program should be included such as- career info, education tips etc, 12 people said FM should be expanded throughout the co untry and 5 people said that more FM stations should be launched. These numerical values are represented below graphically: Chapter ThreeOn the basis of our survey and analysis conducted in previous chapter we are finally enriched with some valuable findings regarding FM industry. These findings are listed below: FM channels, specially the private FM stations have become popular now-a-days. Majority (92%) of the people whom we have interviewed during our survey feel positive about listening to radio. Among the three recently launched private FM station Radio Foorti is most popular and Radio Today is second most popular FM station according to our survey.Likings about program feature are the most popular reason for preferring individual’s favorite FM station. The second common reason for listening to favorite station is attractive and interesting Radio Jockey. Another important reason for choosing a favorite radio station as a media of entertainment is its flexible accessibili ty. According to our survey among different programs celebrity and talk shows are most popular. The least popular is the informative features. According to our survey we have found that sound quality of Radio Today seems better to the majority.On the other hand most of the people put emphasis both on program features and sound quality. So Radio Foorti becomes the most popular FM station satisfying all these criteria as a result of our survey. The most general complain that we have came across is against boring advertisement on FM. Most of the people have recommended expanding these FM stations throughout the country. On the basis of the general complains and suggestion of listeners that we came across during our survey we would like to recommend a few points to the FM industry as a whole.These recommendations are- Advertisements on FM should be made more interesting as majority of the people (48%) whom we have interviewed have complained against boring advertisement on FM. Some spec ific program, for example- special program for children and aged, religious program, career info, education tips, political talk shows should be introduced on FM to meet the listener’s demand. FM stations should be expanded throughout the country so that it is accessible from anywhere. FM industry has been focused under the lime light recently.Introduction of three private FM stations have created a new craze among young generation specially. This popularity can be referred as FM revolution. Throughout this report we have tried to analyze the statistical data gathered during survey. We aimed to find out which is the most popular FM station and why? The result of our survey is that the most popular FM station is Radio Foorti as it has been able to create a good harmony with the listeners. As our sample size of the survey was vey small so it is natural that this result could be vary while surveying on large number of people.Again the people we have interviewed are aged from 15 to 27. So they mainly represent the young generation. Surveying on different age group may result in different answer. So we acknowledge that due to these limitations stated above there some variation might arise. Regardless we will retract or modify any part of this report or recommendations if that may contradict with any real information. www. radiofoorti. fm (accessed date: 1st April-21st April) www. radiotodaybd. fm (accessed date: 1st April-21st April)