The Afterpiece Essay -- English Theater Playlet

The Afterpiece How and WhyAfterpieces were short, humorous playlets which followed the five act main attraction and concluded the theatrical evening in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries (Bevis vii). During the eighteenth century the afterpiece became a fixture of the English theatre, but double billing was not a practice unique to English theatre. It was done in France during the late seventeenth century and probably had been experimented with elsewhere. But the afterpiece in England is believed to have originated independently of the French practice (Origins 58). The regular presentation of afterpieces began out of economic need and was continued after it was found to be a great asset to British theatre not only economically but artistically.During the rule of jam I, the work day of the working and business classes ended well after the theatre evening had begun. It became customary for members of the working class to attend the last cardinal acts of a play without having to pay anything for admission. The managers of the London theaters didnt view this late free admission as a problem and never attempted to dissuade concourse from taking advantage of it, but by the time Charles II took the throne theaters were losing profits by allowing it. After Dorset Garden and Drury Lane merged in 1682, the decisiveness was made to begin charging those who came only for the second half of the show. Londoners could attend the last two acts of a five act play for a fraction of the price (Origins 53-54). Of course, after years of being admitted for free, there must have been many complaints from those who felt that they shouldnt have to pay if they were not going to see a realize performance of a piece. But, since there was only o... ...hose receipts (after house charges) went to the actor, actress, author or theatre employee whose night it was (Bevis xi).Works CitedBevis, Richard W. Eighteenth Century Drama Afterpieces. London Oxford University Press, 1970.Hotso n, Leslie. The commonwealth and Restoration Stage. New York Russell & Russell Inc., 1928.Jason, Phillip K. The Afterpiece Authors and Incentives, in Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research, 12 (1973), 1-13.Jason, Phillip K. The Afterpiece Origins and Early Development, in Restoration and 18th Century Theatre Research, 1 (1986), 53-62.Lawrence, W.J. Old Theatre Days and Ways. London George G. Harrap & Co. Ltd., 1935. AnnotatedLoftis, John. Steele at Drury Lane. Berkeley and Los Angeles University of California Press, 1952.Roose-Evans, James. London Theatre. Oxford Phaidon Press Limited, 1977.

Genetic and Environmental Influences on Victims, Bullies and Bully-Vict

Conceptual Framework Many people relieve oneself different views on what they think browbeating might be. It is often interpreted in different ways by different people. Rigby et al (2002) cited a definition of bullying as an intentional harm where the power is differential between the bully and the victim (p.1). This meant that the bullies are likely to suffer from a range of problems than the children who are un knobbed. The researchers main assumption is to consider exploitation and bullying each and secondly to consider victimisation and bullying simultaneously to examine the genetics and environmental influences on the covariation between the two. The paper focuses on three groups of children that are involved in bullying. The three groups are as follows one being the victim, two being the bullies and third one being the bully victims who are both the bullies and the victims of bullying. fit to Egan and Perry, (1998) they believe that the bullies and victims h ave an increase in emotional and behavioural problems than the children who are not involved in bullying. One of this problem being is low ego regard where as Hawker et al (2006) stated the problems are anxiety and depression where as Schwartz (2000) stated that the bullying victims are more(prenominal) depressed and nauseating and have higher rates of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and are more likely to be referred for psychiatric care and also are more likely to be rejected by a school (Kempulainen et al 1998) compared to the children who are uninvolved in bullying, the victims or bullies. Hawker and Egan et al both have standardized views as they both stated that the bullying victims are depressed and anxious. Various studies have been car... ...ousehold income. Overall it has been proved that bullying was influenced by genetic factors and to a small extent by non shared environmental factors. Patterson et al (1992) suggested that socialisati on via parenting and peers (Harris, 1998) contribute to share and non-shared environmental influences on aggressive behaviour. The correlation between victimisation and bullying indicated that fewer children are the bully-victims while more are pure victims or pure bullies. This confirms earlier research that has been carried out has found a similar correlation between victimisation and aggression (Hodges and Perry, (1999) Crick and Bigbee, (1998). The correlation was seen as high in girls as in boys between the victimisation and bullying. This concludes that the chances of being a bully given to that one victim are just as high for girls as for boys.

Formal Analysis of Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Essay

Formal Analysis Woman and oscillation by Willem de Kooning Woman and Bicycle is an abstract expressionist painting created by Willem de Kooning in 1952-53 as part of his collection of Women paintings. It roughly measures 6ft. by 4ft. in size and is an oil painting on heapvas. The image can be understood to be figurative, thus far the figure is difficult to decipher on account of the haphazard style in which it was created. It appears that the picture has been altered a great many times, as if it is near one picture deposited upon the remains of or intentions of ones prior. It is easy to decipher a pair of large jaunty eyes with their gaze intently tell back towards the viewer over a pair of particularly large breasts. The insinuation of a body remains just that, preposterously gestural brushstrokes that solo evince the presence of hips and thighs. De Kooning himself makes note of the illusive constitution of his forms saying, Content is a glimpse of something, an d encounter like a flash. Its rattling tinyvery tiny, content, (Hess p.148). another(prenominal) more distinguishable element in this painting is the pair of legs centered at the bottom of the canvas. Beyond this, the theory of content in this function is at the discretion of the viewers imagination. The gestural and heavy working of the paint and the contrasting colors make the painting appear active b bely are arduous to follow. The defining element of Woman and Bicycle is the presence of the black lines that do most of the work in terms of identifying the figure. Through the wild nature of the brushwork, color, and composition of the painting, it can be implied that the artist is making an implication towards the wild nature of even the most proper of women. The most... ...ess in such a smuttily constructed work of art. The contrasts between depth and surface, figure and landscape, promiscuity and modesty, beauty and vulgarity all present themselves in de Ko onings Woman and Bicycle. Although the figure is a plain normal muliebrity out for an afternoon with her bike, she be keep an eye ons so much more through the artists use of color, contrast, and composition. The exotic nature of woman presents itself in her direct stare and slick buxom breasts in spite of a nearly indiscernible figure. It is understood that, on the whole, de Kooning did not paint with a office in mind, but rather as an opportunity to create an experience, however, that does not go to say that there isnt some meaning that can come of this work. Even Willem de Kooning once said that art is not everything that is in it, but what you can take out of it (Hess p.144). Formal Analysis of Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning EssayFormal Analysis Woman and Bicycle by Willem de Kooning Woman and Bicycle is an abstract expressionist painting created by Willem de Kooning in 1952-53 as part of his collection of Women paintings. It roughly measures 6f t. by 4ft. in size and is an oil painting on canvas. The image can be understood to be figurative, however the figure is difficult to decipher on account of the haphazard style in which it was created. It appears that the picture has been altered a great many times, as if it is just one picture deposited upon the remains of or intentions of ones prior. It is easy to decipher a pair of large jaunty eyes with their gaze intently directed back towards the viewer over a pair of particularly large breasts. The insinuation of a body remains just that, wildly gestural brushstrokes that only imply the presence of hips and thighs. De Kooning himself makes note of the illusive nature of his forms saying, Content is a glimpse of something, and encounter like a flash. Its very tinyvery tiny, content, (Hess p.148). Another more distinguishable element in this painting is the pair of legs centered at the bottom of the canvas. Beyond this, the theory of content in this piece is at the discre tion of the viewers imagination. The gestural and heavy working of the paint and the contrasting colors make the painting appear active yet are arduous to follow. The defining element of Woman and Bicycle is the presence of the black lines that do most of the work in terms of identifying the figure. Through the wild nature of the brushwork, color, and composition of the painting, it can be implied that the artist is making an implication towards the wild nature of even the most proper of women. The most... ...ess in such a vulgarly constructed work of art. The contrasts between depth and surface, figure and landscape, promiscuity and modesty, beauty and vulgarity all present themselves in de Koonings Woman and Bicycle. Although the figure is a seemingly normal woman out for an afternoon with her bike, she becomes so much more through the artists use of color, contrast, and composition. The exotic nature of woman presents itself in her direct stare and slick buxom breasts in spite of a nearly indiscernible figure. It is understood that, on the whole, de Kooning did not paint with a purpose in mind, but rather as an opportunity to create an experience, however, that does not go to say that there isnt some meaning that can come of this work. Even Willem de Kooning once said that art is not everything that is in it, but what you can take out of it (Hess p.144).

Analysis of Hills Like White Elephants Essay -- Hills Like White Elepha

Analysis of Hills wish well smock Elephants Hills Like White Elephants, by Ernest Hemingway, is a short story published in 1927 that takes place in a train station in Spain with a man and a char discussing an operation. Most of the story is simply dialogue between the two characters, the American and Jig. This couple is at a critical point in their lives when they must subside whether or not to relieve oneself an abortion. Certain themes arise from this story such as choices and consequences, doubt and ambiguity, and how men and women relate. Hemingway also uses many examples of symbolism in Hills Like White Elephants, including descriptions of the surrounding scenery, the hills themselves, and the station where the action takes place. Clearly, this short story crosses timelines to get down relevant to both the early twentieth century and modern times.The most open theme recognized early in this short story is that of choices and consequences. The couple is unmarried and the girl has become pregnant, but the man wants her to have an abortion. The American plainly believes that the abortion will free the couple from any responsibilities, which is what they have been experiencing before this turn of events (Short Stories for Students 158). The man also feels that the pregnancy is the only thing that has caused them to have arguments and become unhappy with each other in the relationship (Hamid 77). Clearly, the girl is reluctant in her decision to have the abortion. She feels that either choice she makes will not have much of an effect on their long-term relationship and hopes of finding true love and happiness (Short Stories for Students 158).Another theme found in Hills Like White Elephants is that of doubt and ... ...ingway allowed this story to be open for discussion for many years to follow, allowing it to not only reflect the ideas of pre-World War II Europe, but to be satisfactory to the thoughts of modern societies.BibliographyWorks C itedAkers, Tim (Ed.). Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 158-170. Beacham, Walton. Critical Survey of Short Fiction. Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs, NJ Salem Press, 1981. 6-8 Hamid, Syed Ali. Men with Women Hemingway Love Stories. The Short Fiction of Ernest Hemingway. in the altogether Delhi Ashish Publishing House, 1985. 77-78.Johnston, Kenneth G. Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Ed. Tim Akers. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 167-168.Weeks, Lewis E. Jr. Short Stories for Students (Vol. 6). Ed. Tim Akers. Farmington Hills, MI Gale, 1999. 169-170.

Twains Huck Finn Compared To The Movie :: essays research papers

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a classic novel about a young boy who struggles to save and free himself from captivity, responsibility, and social injustice. along his river to freedom, he aids and befriends a runaway slave named Jim. The two travel down the Mississippi, hoping to reach Cairo successfully. However, along the way they run into many obstacles that split up their journey. By solving these difficult tasks, they learn life lessons important to survival. The reader will find Huck and Jim more than knowledgeable at the conclusion of the novel, and plug-in their love for life and for each other.After reading the novel and watching the Disney film Huck Finn, one will find many dissimilarities. Many of the classic scenes take over been switched around and combined in the 1993 version. There atomic number 18 a few scenes in particular that I will focus and comment on.The major disagreement between the movie and the book is an important character name d Tom Sawyer, who is not present or mentioned in the film. It is evident from reading the story that Tom was a dominant influence on Huck, who obviously adores him. Tom can be seen as Hucks leader and role model. He has a good family life, but withal has the free will to run off and have fun. Tom is intelligent, creative, and imaginative, which is everything Huck wishes for himself. Because of Toms absence in the movie, Huck has no one to idolize and therefore is more independent. Twains major theme in the novel is the stupidity and faults of the order in which Huck lives. There is cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality. All of these human failings are seen through the characters and the adventures they experience. The scenes involving the King and Duke show examples of these traits. The two con-artists go through many towns playing the same tricks and scams on the gullible townspeople hoping to make money. They put on acts in the novel such as the "Nonesuch" that get them almost killed as they run out of each town. These scenes, which prove as examples of the foolish society are not in the film.The naivet of the Wilks sisters is disturbing to Huck who attempts to help them stop the frauds from stealing their inheritance. The movie is dissimilar to the book in that it concludes with Mary Jane and her two sisters as the heroes who save Jim from being hanged and Huck from dying of a gun wound.

Twains Huck Finn Compared To The Movie :: essays research papers

The Adventures of huckabackleberry Finn by Mark Twain is a classic fabrication about a young boy who struggles to save and free himself from captivity, responsibility, and social injustice. Along his river to freedom, he aids and befriends a runaway slave named Jim. The two expire down the Mississippi, hoping to reach Cairo successfully. However, along the way they run into more obstacles that interrupt their journey. By solving these difficult tasks, they learn life lessons important to survival. The reader will find Huck and Jim more knowledgeable at the conclusion of the novel, and notice their love for life and for each other.After reading the novel and watching the Disney contract Huck Finn, one will find many dissimilarities. Many of the classic scenes have been switched around and combined in the 1993 version. There are a a few(prenominal) scenes in particular that I will focus and comment on.The major difference between the movie and the book is an important character named Tom Sawyer, who is not present or mentioned in the film. It is evident from reading the story that Tom was a dominant influence on Huck, who obviously adores him. Tom can be seen as Hucks leader and role model. He has a good family life, but yet has the free will to run off and have fun. Tom is intelligent, creative, and imaginative, which is everything Huck wishes for himself. Because of Toms absence in the movie, Huck has no one to idolize and therefore is more independent. Twains major theme in the novel is the stupidity and faults of the society in which Huck lives. There is cruelty, greed, murder, trickery, hypocrisy, racism, and a general lack of morality. All of these human failings are seen through the characters and the adventures they experience. The scenes involving the King and Duke show examples of these traits. The two con-artists go through many towns playing the same tricks and scams on the gullible townspeople hoping to make money. They put on acts in the nov el such as the "Nonesuch" that get them most killed as they run out of each town. These scenes, which prove as examples of the foolish society are not in the film.The naivet of the Wilks sisters is disturbing to Huck who attempts to help them founder the frauds from stealing their inheritance. The movie is dissimilar to the book in that it concludes with Mary Jane and her two sisters as the heroes who save Jim from being hanged and Huck from dying of a gun wound.